Burden of Antibiotic-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections in Rural Females: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a significant public health challenge, particularly in rural areas where access to healthcare is limited. Understanding the prevalence and factors contributing to antibiotic resistance in this population is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Objective: This study aimed to assess the burden of antibiotic-resistant UTIs among rural females and identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with antibiotic resistance. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Satkhira Sadar Hospital from October 2023 to March 2024, involving 290 rural female participants with UTI symptoms. Data were collected through structured interviews and laboratory analysis of urine samples to determine the presence of uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests and logistic regression, were performed to explore associations between resistance and various factors. Results: The predominant uropathogen identified was Escherichia coli (69%). Antibiotic resistance was observed in varying degrees, with moderate resistance to ampicillin (30%), azithromycin (35%), and doxycycline (40%), while lower resistance rates were noted for imipenem (10%) and meropenem (5%). Significant associations were found between antibiotic resistance and factors such as age (p=0.045), education level (p=0.032), history of incomplete treatment (p=0.001), and hospitalization due to UTIs (p=0.038). Conclusion: The findings highlight a considerable burden of antibiotic-resistant UTIs among rural females in Bangladesh. Factors such as age, education, and treatment history significantly influence resistance patterns. These insights underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, including education on antibiotic use and adherence to treatment protocols, to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
1. Zeng Z, Zhan J, Zhang K, Chen H, Cheng S. Global, regional, and national burden of urinary tract infections from 1990 to 2019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019. World J Urol. 2022;40(3):755–63
2. Bryce A, Hay AD, Lane IF, Thornton HV, Wootton M, Costelloe C. Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and association with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2016;352:i939.
3. Mazzariol A, Bazaj A, Cornaglia G. Multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections: a review. J Chemother. 2017;29(sup1):2–9.
4. Gupta A, Bansal N, Houston B. Metabolomics of urinary tract infection: a new uroscope in town. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2012;12(4):361–9.
5. Tandogdu Z, Wagenlehner FM. Global epidemiology of urinary tract infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2016;29(1):73–9.
6. Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015;13(5):269–84.
7. Kim YH, Yang EM, Kim CJ. Urinary tract infection caused by community-acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria in infants. J Pediatr. 2017;93(3):260–6.
8. Nai-Chia F, Hsin-Hang C, Chyi-Liang C, Liang-Shiou O, Tzou-Yien L, Ming-Han T, et al. Rise of community-onset urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2014;47:399–405.
9. Albaramki JH, Abdelghani T, Dalaeen A, Khdair Ahmad F, Alassaf A, Odeh R, et al. Urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria: Risk factors and antibiotic resistance. 2019;61(11):1127–32.
10. Leski TA, Taitt CR, Bangura U, Stockelman MG, Ansumana R, Cooper WH 3rd, et al. High prevalence of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from outpatient urine samples but not the hospital environment in Bo, Sierra Leone. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:167.
11. Auta A, Hadi MA, Oga E, Adewuyi EO, Abdu-Aguye SN, Adeloye D, et al. Global access to antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2019;78(1):8–18.
12. Ferdaus F, Hussain RF, Biswas SN, Haque AA, Sultana N. A Survey on Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Vaccination Status of Women of Reproductive Age (15 - 49 years) in a Rural Community of Satkhira. KYAMC Journal. 2019 Aug 26;10(2):73–6.
13. Minardi D, d’Anzeo G, Cantoro D, Conti A, Muzzonigro G. Urinary tract infections in women: etiology and treatment options. Int J Gen Med. 2011;4:333.
14. Noor R, Munna MS. Emerging diseases in Bangladesh: Current Microbiological Research Perspective. Ci Ji Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2015;27(2):49–53.
15. Rahman MM, Zhang C, Swe KT, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Kamrujjaman M, et al. Disease-specific out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure in urban Bangladesh: A Bayesian analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0227565.
16. Haque R, Akter ML, Salam MA. Prevalence and susceptibility of uropathogens: a recent report from a teaching hospital in Bangladesh. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:416.
17. Hasan H, Rahman MH, Haque MA, Rahman MS, Ali MS, Sultana S. Nutritional management in patients with chronic kidney disease: A focus on renal diet. Asia Pac J Med Innov. 2024;1(1):34-40.
18. Chowdhury NR, Moname EJ, Al Azad G, Hani U, Nazmin F, Ferdaus F. Interplay Between Malnutrition and Infectious Diseases Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Innovations. 2024;1(2):41-7.
19. Azad GA, Moname EJ, Chowdhury NR, Mondal S, Tisa AH, Ferdaus F. Co-Morbidity Landscape in Cancer Patients: Non-Communicable Disease Burden and Trends. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Innovations. 2024;1(2):48-54.
20. Khandwalla HE, Luby S, Rahman S. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexually transmitted infections among general practitioners and medical specialists in Karachi, Pakistan. Sexually transmitted infections. 2024;76(5):383-5.
21. Nazmin F, Roy A, Bushra T, Retina IJ, Arnab KH, Ferdaus F. Exploring the Prevalence and Social Determinants of ADHD and Comorbidities Among Urban School Aged Children in Bangladesh. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Innovations. 2024;1(2):61-74.
22. Wohid F, Eme FW, Fahim IH, Mim M, Ferdaus F. Work Life Balance and Its Influence on Physical and Mental Health Among Female Teachers of Public University in Bangladesh. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Innovations. 2024;1(2):68-75.
23. F NF. Reproductive Health Problems among the Adolescent Girls of Khulna Government Girls High School. Journal of Diabetic Association Medical College. 2018 Jul 1;2(Number 2):18–20.